Vascular Plug Embolization Therapy for an Unusual Pelvic Arteriovenous Malformation in a Young Adult

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are vascular anomaly characterized by abnormal connection between arteries and veins, bypassing the capillary system [1]. Peripheral congenital AVMs are uncommon clinical entities that can be progressive in nature, particularly during adolescence. Specifically, pelvic AVMs are rare vascular pathology that remains challenging to accurately diagnose and successfully treat [2]. Diagnostic problems include poor perception of visceral extension and precise localization [3]. Symptoms can become debilitating and fatal if not treated well advance [4]. The management of AVMs remains challenging because of their unpredictable behavior and high recurrence rate [2]. In view of high bleeding risk during surgery, numerous embolic materials have been developed, ranging from simple gelfoam pledgets to complex systems employing micro catheters and detachable coils [3]. However, thorough annihilation of the nidus of an AVM is the only potential cure. Newer embolic vascular devices like Amplatzer Vascular Plugs (AVP) are now being investigated as an adjunctive or alternative embolic therapy for treatment of unusual vascular pathologies like pelvic AVMs. Clinical Summary